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9780470518632

Biology of Sensory Systems

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780470518632

  • ISBN10:

    0470518634

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2009-02-09
  • Publisher: Wiley

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Summary

Since publication of the first edition, huge developments have taken place in sensory biology research and new insights have been provided in particular by molecular biology. These show the similarities in the molecular architecture and in the physiology of sensory cells across species and across sensory modality and often indicate a common ancestry dating back over half a billion years.Biology of Sensory Systems has thus been completely revised and takes a molecular, evolutionary and comparative approach, providing an overview of sensory systems in vertebrates, invertebrates and prokaryotes, with a strong focus on human senses.Written by a renowned author with extensive teaching experience, the book covers, in six parts, the general features of sensory systems, the mechanosenses, the chemosenses, the senses which detect electromagnetic radiation, other sensory systems including pain, thermosensitivity and some of the minority senses and, finally, provides an outline and discussion of philosophical implications.New in this edition: Greater emphasis on molecular biology and intracellular mechanisms New chapter on genomics and sensory systems Sections on TRP channels, synaptic transmission, evolution of nervous systems, arachnid mechanosensitive sensilla and photoreceptors, electroreception in the Monotremata, language and the FOXP2 gene, mirror neurons and the molecular biology of painUpdated passages on human olfaction and gustation.Over four hundred illustrations, boxes containing supplementary material and self-assessment questions and a full bibliography at the end of each part make Biology of Sensory Systems essential reading for undergraduate students of biology, zoology, animal physiology, neuroscience, anatomy and physiological psychology. The book is also suitable for postgraduate students in more specialised courses such as vision sciences, optometry, neurophysiology, neuropathology, developmental biology.Praise from the reviews of the first edition: "An excellent advanced undergraduate/postgraduate textbook." ASLIB BOOK GUIDE "The emphasis on comparative biology and evolution is one of the distinguishing features of this self-contained book. .... this is an informative and thought-provoking text..." TIMES HIGHER EDUCATIONAL SUPPLEMENT

Author Biography

Dr. Christopher Upham Murray Smith. Honorary Visiting Fellow, Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Table of Contents

Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Preliminaries
Elements
Allosteric Effectors
Membranes
Membrane Signalling Systems
Channels and Gates
Concluding Remarks
Membranes, Action Potentials, Synapses
The Measurement of Resting Potentials
The Ionic Bases of Resting Potentials
Electrotonic Potentials and Cable Conduction
Receptor and Generator Potentials
Sensory Adaptation
Action Potentials
Synapses and Synaptic Transmission
Concluding Remarks
General Features of Sensory Systems
Classification of the Senses
Modality
Intensity
Adaptation
Receptive Fields
Maps of Sensory Surfaces
Hierarchical and Parallel Design
Feature Extraction and Trigger Stimuli
Concluding Remarks
Classification and Phylogeny
Systematics
Classification into Six Kingdoms
Unicellularity
Multicellularity
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
Classification of the Metazoa
Evolution of Nervous Systems
Concluding Remarks
Genes, Genomics and Neurosensory Systems
Introduction
Comparative Genomics
Genomes and Neurosensory Systems
Concluding Remarks
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
Mechanosensitivity
Mechanosensitive Channels in E. coli
Detection of Osmotic Swelling by Hypothalamic Cells in Mammals
Concluding Remarks
Kinaesthesia
Kinaesthetic Mechanisms in Arthropods
Stretch Receptors in Crustacean Muscle
Kinaesthetic Mechanisms in Mammals
Concluding Remarks
Touch
Mechanoreception in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Spiders
Insects
Tactile Receptors in Mammalian Skin
Cerebral Analysis of Touch
Plasticity of the Somaesthetic Cortex
Concluding Remarks
Equilibrium and Hearing: The Uses of Hair Cells
Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Cells
Lateral Line Canals
Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear
Concluding Remarks
Biophysics of Outer Hair Cells
Genetics and Deafness
Cerebral Analysis
The Mammalian Vestibular Pathway and Reflexes
The Mammalian Auditory Pathway
The Avian Auditory Pathway and the Mapping of Auditory Space by the Barn Owl
The Mammalian Auditory Cortex
The Bat Auditory System and Echolocation
The Human Auditory Cortex and Language
Lateralization and the Neuroanatomy of Language
Language and the FOXP2 Gene
Callosectomy and After
Concluding Remarks
Broca and Wernicke
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
Chemosensitivity
Chemosensitivity in Prokaryocytes
Chemosentivity in E. coli
Concluding Remarks
Mammalian Chemo- Enteroreceptors
Location of Mammalian Chemoreceptors for PaO2 and PaCO2
Structure
Physiology
Biochemistry
Concluding Remarks
Gustation
Gustation in Insects
Gustation inMammals
Concluding Remarks
Olfaction
Insect Olfactory Systems
Mammalian Olfactory Systems
The Vertebrate Vomeronasal Organ (VNO) and Pheromones
Concluding Remarks
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
Photosensitivity
Box I4.1 Bacteriorhodopsin
Invertebrate Vision
Designs of Invertebrate Eyes
Examples of Invertebrate Eyes
Concluding Remarks
The Evolution of Opsins
Early Genetics of Eyes
The Human Eye
Anatomy
Embryology
Detailed Anatomy and Physiology
Movements of the Eyeball
Concluding Remarks
Genetics of Cataract
The Retina
Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)
Retina
Concluding Remarks
Visual Pathways and Cortices
Visual Pathways into the Brain
Primary Visual Cortex
Extrastriate Cortices
Face Recognition
Prosopagnosia
Concluding Remarks
The Reality of Cortical Columns
Blindsight
Other Vertebrate Visual Systems
Visual Pigments
Photoreceptors
Tapeta
Retinae
Dioptric Apparatus
Median Eyes
Visual Pathways
Visual Centres in the Brain
Concluding Remarks
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
Other Senses
Thermosensitivity
Molecular Biology
Poikilotherms
Homeotherms
Concluding Remarks
Minority Senses
Infrared Radiation
Polarized Light
Electric Fields
Magnetic Fields
Concluding Remarks
Pain
The Biological Significance of Pain
Neurophysiology of Pain
Neuropharmacology of Pain Pathways
Referred Pain
Gate Theory
Concluding Remarks
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
CODA
Summing Up
Molecular Themes
Cellular Themes
Sense Organs
Central Analysers
Homeostasis
Different Sensory Worlds
From Abiotic to Biotic: Communication
From Biotic to Social Communication: Mirror Neurons
Concluding Remarks
Philosophical Postscript
Descartes
Qualia
Tabula Rasa?
Epigenetic Epistemology
Evolutionary Epistemology
Beyond Descartes
Concluding Remarks
Self Assessment
Notes, References and Bibliography
Appendix: Some Techniques
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Glossary
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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